New Device Could Rapidly Detect Zika Virus at Airports
About the size of a tablet, a portable device that could be used in many settings like an airport, may hold the key to detecting the Zika virus accurately, rapidly and inexpensively using just a saliva sample.
The Zika virus, transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected Aedes aegypti mosquito, is especially dangerous for pregnant women, and is linked to several severe birth defects transferred to the fetus 鈥 including microcephaly 鈥 a condition in which a baby is born with a small head or the head stops growing after birth.
About the size of a tablet, a portable device that 聽could be used in a host of environments like a busy airport or even a remote location in South America, may hold the key to detecting the dreaded Zika virus accurately, rapidly and inexpensively using just a saliva sample. While scientists across the world are scrambling to find some sort of immunization, researchers from 91制片厂 are working to develop a diagnostic tool to reduce the impact of the outbreak until a vaccine is identified.
鈥淢ost of the Zika cases in the United States and especially in Florida are travel related,鈥 said , Ph.D., lead investigator and assistant professor at the Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science in 91制片厂鈥檚 and in the Department of Biological Sciences in 91制片厂鈥檚 . 鈥淲e are working to develop a tool that can be used without expensive laboratory equipment and skilled technicians in various settings like an airport or a community health center to provide reassurance to expectant families and those concerned because of recent travel. For about $2 and within 15 minutes, we hope to accurately determine whether or not an individual has an active infection.鈥
Currently, patients are diagnosed by testing whether they have antibodies against the Zika virus in their bloodstream, however, the antibody test cannot discriminate accurately between the Zika virus and other flaviviruses such as Dengue, West Nile virus and Chikungunya. The more accurate method for detecting the virus is by looking for pieces of the viral genome in a patient鈥檚 blood sample using a test known as polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR is costly ($20,000+), bulky and requires highly skilled laboratory personnel to operate. Furthermore, results for PCR testing can take hours to yield results.
鈥淔laviviruses are found in mosquitoes and ticks that may infect people and cause a range of mild-to-fatal diseases,鈥 said Asghar. 鈥淏ecause flavivirus antibodies cross-react with one another current tests cannot distinguish between them.鈥
This new device is based on technology that Asghar and colleagues developed to . It uses inexpensive paper- or plastic-based materials, a cassette-sized container holding up to 12 samples at a time and a receptacle about the size of a tablet. These materials are easy to make, easy to use, and can easily and safely be disposed of by burning, providing an appealing strategy for developing an affordable tool for diagnosing the Zika virus in developing countries as well as low- and middle-income countries where there is limited laboratory infrastructure.
They are working to adapt their device to diagnose the Zika virus, and recently received a $199,280 one-year grant from the Florida Department of Health to establish proof-of-principle and then further test and commercialize this device.
鈥淲e would also like to thank 91制片厂鈥檚 (I-SENSE) for providing seed grant support to develop a Zika test, which significantly contributed to the development of our current device prototype,鈥 said Asghar.
Asghar鈥檚 collaborators on the grant are , Ph.D., co-principal investigator and associate professor of biomedical science in 91制片厂鈥檚 , whose research is focused on identifying novel therapeutics for HIV; and , M.D., Ph.D., professor and chair of biochemistry and molecular biology at the , whose research is focused on infection of human and insect cells with flaviviruses and autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis.
The Zika virus, transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected Aedes aegypti mosquito, is especially dangerous for pregnant women, and is linked to several severe birth defects transferred to the fetus 鈥 including microcephaly 鈥 a condition in which a baby is born with a small head or the head stops growing after birth.
From Jan. 1, 2015 to Feb. 15, 2017, the (CDC) has listed 5,040 Zika virus cases reported in the U.S. with 4,748 cases in travelers returning from affected areas. Florida has the highest cases of the Zika virus at 1,069 reported cases with 214 cases acquired through presumed local mosquito-borne transmission and the majority from travelers returning from affected areas.
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